By Lior Ronen | Founder, Finro Financial Consulting

Burn rate is one of those metrics that can sneak up on founders if they aren’t paying attention. In a startup, especially one backed by venture capital, it's easy to focus entirely on fundraising and growth, while the actual cash burn keeps increasing. But raising more money is only a temporary solution.

At the end of the day, what keeps a business running is making sure there's enough cash to cover operating costs. Reducing burn rate helps extend the runway, giving the company more time to either reach profitability or hit the next major milestone. Burn rate analysis offers a straightforward way to identify where you can tighten up spending without hurting the core of the business.

Understanding where your cash is going and how to optimize spending is key for long-term survival. It’s not about making cuts everywhere—it's about making smarter decisions with your budget.

Burn rate measures how quickly your company is using up its cash reserves to cover operating expenses. It’s a key metric for any startup because it directly influences how long your business can survive without new funding. Both founders and investors keep a close eye on burn rate, as it’s critical for assessing a company’s financial health.

Calculating burn rate is straightforward, but it’s important to be accurate. Gross burn rate, the most common form, focuses only on operating expenses—ignoring any incoming cash from sales, grants, or investments. Here’s how you calculate it:

1. Total Operating Expenses: Start by adding up all your company’s costs over a set period. This typically includes:

   • Payroll (salaries, benefits)

   • Office rent and utilities

   • Software licenses, tools, and platforms

   • Any other recurring operational costs

2. Choose the Timeframe: Burn rate is usually calculated on a monthly basis, but you can average it over a longer period, like three or six months, for a more stable view.

3. Divide the Total by the Timeframe: Once you have the total operating expenses for the period, divide that number by the number of months to get the gross burn rate.

   Example:
   Let’s say your company spent $500,000 on payroll, $120,000 on rent and utilities, and $75,000 on software licenses over six months.
   Total Operating Expenses = $500,000 + $120,000 + $75,000 = $695,000
   Number of months = 6
   Gross Burn Rate = $695,000 / 6 = $115,833 per month

This $115,833 monthly burn rate tells you how much cash your business is spending each month just to keep operations going.

Once you know your burn rate, the next question is: how long can you keep this up? This is where runway comes into play.

Runway refers to how many months your business can keep operating before it runs out of money. To calculate your runway, simply divide your current cash balance by your monthly burn rate:

Runway = Cash on hand / Monthly Burn Rate

For example, if you have $1,000,000 in the bank and a monthly burn rate of $115,833, your runway would be approximately 8.6 months. This gives you a clear picture of how much time you have before you need to either raise more capital or become cash-flow positive.

For founders, burn rate is crucial for making strategic decisions. It tells you when it’s time to raise funds, whether to cut costs, or if you can afford to invest in growth. A manageable burn rate gives you flexibility, while a high burn rate might force difficult decisions if cash reserves are running low.

Founders also use burn rate to plan for future fundraising. Knowing your runway gives you a timeline to work with. If you’re six months away from running out of cash, it might be time to start preparing for your next funding round. On the other hand, if your burn rate is too high, investors may be hesitant to invest because it suggests you might not be managing your cash efficiently.

Investors also look closely at burn rate when evaluating startups. A high burn rate, without enough cash in reserve, could be a red flag that a startup will run out of money too soon. On the flip side, a healthy burn rate with a decent runway signals that the company is in a good position to reach milestones or profitability.

Investors often check burn multiples, which measure how much a company is burning to generate each dollar of new revenue. The lower the multiple, the more efficient the company is at scaling. If your startup’s burn multiple is high, it might indicate inefficient spending, which could affect your attractiveness to investors.

Ultimately, burn rate is more than just a number—it’s a critical indicator of how long your startup can survive and how efficiently you’re operating. Founders should keep a close eye on it to make informed decisions about spending and fundraising, while investors use it to gauge a company’s financial health and operational discipline.

Controlling burn rate can be tough for many startups, especially those in their early stages. The pressure to grow fast and hit milestones often leads to higher spending, whether it's on new hires, software tools, or marketing campaigns. While this spending might feel necessary to scale, it can quickly eat away at cash reserves if left unchecked.

One of the biggest challenges is that most startups don’t have much room to cut costs. Early-stage companies, particularly SaaS startups, tend to allocate a large portion of their budget to payroll. This makes it harder to find significant cost-saving opportunities without making tough decisions like reducing headcount or freezing hiring plans.

Another reason burn rate control is difficult is the mindset around fundraising. Startups that are heavily venture-backed can become reliant on raising additional rounds of capital to keep their runway intact. This can lead to a false sense of security, where founders feel comfortable burning through cash, knowing they can raise more later. However, fundraising is never guaranteed, and relying too heavily on it can put the company in a risky position if the next round doesn’t close in time.

Controlling burn rate can be tough for many startups, especially those in their early stages. The pressure to grow fast and hit milestones often leads to higher spending, whether it's on new hires, software tools, or marketing campaigns. While this spending might feel necessary to scale, it can quickly eat away at cash reserves if left unchecked.

One of the biggest challenges is that most startups don’t have much room to cut costs. Early-stage companies, particularly SaaS startups, tend to allocate a large portion of their budget to payroll. This makes it harder to find significant cost-saving opportunities without making tough decisions like reducing headcount or freezing hiring plans.

Another reason burn rate control is difficult is the mindset around fundraising. Startups that are heavily venture-backed can become reliant on raising additional rounds of capital to keep their runway intact. This can lead to a false sense of security, where founders feel comfortable burning through cash, knowing they can raise more later.

However, fundraising is never guaranteed, and relying too heavily on it can put the company in a risky position if the next round doesn’t close in time.

Not every startup needs to worry about burn rate all the time. In the early stages, if a company has just raised a significant amount of capital, the burn rate might not be a pressing concern. However, as the runway shortens or market conditions change, burn rate analysis becomes critical.

Startups that are scaling quickly, facing slower-than-expected growth, or preparing for a fundraising round should regularly assess their burn rate. It’s about balancing growth and sustainability, ensuring that you're spending enough to hit your goals without running out of money prematurely.

In short, burn rate analysis should be an ongoing part of financial management, especially for startups looking to optimize their operations and extend runway when needed.

Reducing burn rate isn't about slashing costs recklessly. It's about being strategic—finding areas where you can cut or optimize spending without harming the core of the business.

Here’s a step-by-step process to get there:

Step 1: Identify Large Spending Areas

Start by reviewing your operating expenses. Focus on the big-ticket items that contribute the most to your monthly burn. These could be payroll, office rent, software licenses, or marketing costs. The goal here is to find areas where potential savings could have the biggest impact.

Step 2: Challenge Every Big Expense

Once you’ve identified major spending categories, don’t take them at face value. Dig deeper and question the need for each expense. Is it essential to the business? Could you reduce it without affecting operations? For example, could you switch to a more affordable software tool or reduce marketing spend without losing momentum?

Step 3: Evaluate Risks and Trade-offs

Not every expense can be reduced without consequences. For each potential cut, assess the risks involved. If you delay a major purchase or reduce headcount, how will that impact the business in the short and long term? Think carefully about whether the savings are worth the risk and how it will affect your growth plans.

Step 4: Analyze the Consequences

Cutting costs can have ripple effects across your business. Some reductions might free up cash and extend your runway, while others could slow down growth or hurt employee morale. Make sure you’re considering all possible outcomes—both financial and operational—before making a final decision. The goal is to balance savings with the potential impact on the business.

Step 5: Make Informed Cuts and Reinvest

Once you’ve analyzed the potential savings and risks, prioritize your cuts. Start with areas that have the least impact on the core of the business and work your way through the list. Be sure to reinvest any savings wisely—either into growth initiatives or extending your runway. This way, you're not just saving money but using it to strengthen the company's position.

Real-world examples help highlight how a strategic approach to burn rate reduction can positively impact a startup. Here are a few companies that effectively reduced their burn rate while still maintaining growth:

1. Airbnb (2017)

When Airbnb faced a slow market during its earlier years, the company took proactive steps to cut its burn rate. Rather than cutting staff, they reduced non-core expenses, such as marketing and office-related costs. By re-focusing on improving the core product and operations, they extended their runway while continuing to grow their customer base.

Key Lesson: Cutting non-core expenses and focusing on what makes your product better can lead to sustainable savings without damaging the business.

2. Zappos (Early Days)

In its early years, Zappos faced challenges with high burn due to aggressive expansion. Rather than drastically cutting their workforce or limiting customer service (their core strength), they chose to renegotiate vendor agreements, improve supply chain efficiency, and reduce unnecessary technology spending.

Key Lesson: Optimize operations and renegotiate contracts before making cuts that could affect core business functions.

3. Groupon (2011)

Groupon grew rapidly but quickly saw its burn rate spiral out of control. To combat this, the company streamlined its operations, scaled back marketing, and focused on its most profitable markets. These adjustments allowed Groupon to conserve cash without sacrificing its growth trajectory.

Key Lesson: Scale back on aggressive expansion and focus on profitable areas to bring burn rate under control.

4. Buffer (2016)

Buffer made headlines when it went fully transparent with its financial struggles. The company made the difficult decision to reduce headcount, but it did so thoughtfully, cutting roles in areas where growth had slowed. They also froze hiring and reduced non-critical spending, which gave them time to stabilize the business.

Key Lesson: While reducing headcount can be a last resort, making thoughtful cuts in non-growth areas can be effective when done with careful planning.

These examples show that reducing burn rate doesn’t mean sacrificing growth or quality. The key is to be strategic—whether that means cutting non-core expenses, renegotiating contracts, or streamlining operations. By focusing on areas that don’t impact the core of your business, you can reduce burn and extend runway without putting the company’s future at risk.

Reducing burn rate is more than just a cost-cutting exercise—it's about creating a sustainable business that can weather uncertain times and adapt to changing conditions. For startups, managing burn rate effectively means extending your runway and giving yourself the flexibility to focus on growth without constantly worrying about running out of cash.

By following a structured approach to burn rate analysis, founders can make smarter decisions about where to save, how to reinvest, and which costs are truly necessary for the business to thrive. Whether it’s optimizing large spending areas, questioning the necessity of certain expenses, or learning from real-world examples, the key is to approach burn rate reduction with intention and strategy.

In a market where efficiency and adaptability are just as important as growth, staying on top of your burn rate isn’t just a financial necessity—it’s a competitive advantage.